Battery storage: Where’s the smart money?
As an enabler of greater renewables penetration, “storage is a key area that the bank is looking to support,” says Philip Bazin, Environment Team Manager, Triodos Bank.
Triodos is therefore “keen to support the right type of projects for customers with medium to long-term outlooks in this space”, says Bazin. But the bank has “a relatively cautious appetite, because there are questions around risk, reward and bankability” of battery assets.
“Energy storage as an asset class is difficult to bank as low risk due to significant uncertainties that sit around the space,” he says.
Given the risk profile, “we have been trying to overcome the shortfall in level of debt we could offer compared to the debt to equity ratios in some traditional asset classes,” adds Bazin.
The bank is looking at ‘bundling’ funding streams. Bazin uses a mortgage analogy to explain it.
“[With a mortgage] you might typically take a loan-to-value (LTV) range of 70-90%, depending on assets and locations. Similarly, that is what we would typically expect to lend to a project with a [traditional] renewables risk profile. They are well understood with long economic life, which is why banks feel comfortable with those LTVs,” he says.
“With energy storage, there is a much greater level of uncertainty around them, market and regulatory. So we have to take a pair of scissors to the assumptions, cut them down and you end up with very prudent projections of loans-to-value of senior debt that are relatively low, 40-60% at the very best,” Bazin continues.
Going through the “rigmarole” of engaging with the bank to get a LTV of 40-50% “may not particularly attractive to an asset developer,” says Bazin. “So there is a challenge as to whether we can create a compelling enough service.
“Other forms of capital are prepared to take greater risk at a greater cost and we are trying to compete against different types of funding sources. So we have to bundle together different types of capital to provide an overall service that is more compelling compared to other funding sources available out there,” he says.
“That is the challenge for banks.”
Behind the meter
Bazin believes behind the meter storage “makes a lot of sense”.
“Ultimately the key question [for us] is who is the customer, who is going to be using this asset? Behind the meter, a large I&C firm represents a much clearer answer to that key question … [and that] should be a natural home for energy storage solutions,” he says.
Others looking to deploy capital also view BTM storage as an opportunity. Ingenious Infrastructure expects substantial growth in the sector.
“We are focusing on behind the meter and collocation behind the meter. So private wire PPAs, together with batteries behind the meter, or just battery storage behind the meter for commercial and industrial customers” says Roberto Castiglioni, Senior Investment Director – Infrastructure at Ingenious Group and head of battery storage.
“We believe there is a big market out there, probably around 1GW within the next two to three years just on the BTM side.”
Esco approach
Roberto Castiglioni: Ingenious sees big market for behind the meter battery storage
Castiglioni says the market “has moved quite a lot” from in front to behind the meter since the firm started looking at batteries some 12 months ago.
“We always believed behind the meter was good, because we come from energy efficiency. So we understand how to manage relationships with customers behind the meter,” he says. “And we believe that adding a contracted, long-term revenue to the battery stacking system creates better visibility for an investor over the long-term.”
Castiglioni believes an Esco type approach makes storage projects more viable.
“We started from the issue of making the project bankable or investible. That is difficult when you are only relying on a short-term revenue stream,” he says.
“So if you add energy savings to the mix, you create long-term contracted revenue on the battery. On top of that you can do Capacity Market, which is 15-years. That leaves FFR, which is short-term, but at least you have created a bulk of long-term revenue that can amortise the full cost of the battery under the contract.”
Taking that approach, the firm is targeting a 150MW storage portfolio within the next two years. Castiglioni admits that is ambitious and that engaging customers will be key within this emerging sector.
“Doing business with customers is not straightforward. We have experience with energy efficiency so we understand how complex it is. It is not like building a solar park, which, once you have planning and connection, is easy to do,” he says.
“But people are getting up to speed and they know batteries can benefit their business and give them an edge – because if you have lower opex, it is money you can put somewhere else in your operation.”
Managing risk
Ambitious targets suggest Ingenious has faith that its business model will attract customers and that it can overcome issues around certainty and visibility of revenue. Castiglioni accepts that FFR revenues may fall markedly, as some predict, but suggests that risk is counterbalanced by market fundamentals.
“We are comfortable that the need for battery will still be there,” he says.
“The more intermittent renewable generation that is put onto the grid, the more batteries we need. The more that older generation comes off the system the more batteries are needed on the grid.
“So, we take comfort from the fact that there will be a need for battery storage. But also from the high flexibility of the asset itself; it can chase different revenues and do different things. Unlike a solar plant, where if you kill the subsidies you kill the project, the battery can actually chase different revenues,” says Castiglioni.
“So we know things will change, but we are confident that the battery will be flexible enough to chase different revenues.”
Technical risk
Castiglioni takes a similarly pragmatic view on technical risk around potential asset degredation as a result of performing multiple services.
“Warranties are important [and]more importantly who’s providing them. We will operate with suppliers that are going to be there for us in the long run. Experience says that things can go wrong, so we are focusing on top tier suppliers.”
As in any market, Castiglioni says credible suppliers will tackle problems should they emerge.
“The worst-case scenario is that in year ten, you start putting in some new cells, maybe second life, maybe new technology,” he says.
“The technology is moving so quickly. The revenue stream is changing. There are so many different variables that it is impossible to model all of the potential scenarios that may arise.
“Ultimately we need to take comfort from the underlying asset.”
Niche market?
While Ingenious perceives a growth opportunity for its business, Triodos Bank’s Philip Bazin believes the market may end up being relatively small, compared to the renewables sector.
“We can see a longer-term demand, the question is how much demand, how much supply and what are the barriers to entry. At the moment, there are simply a lot of unknowns,” he says.
